Backcrossing programs

• The total number of backcrosses done along the project was approximately 3300.
• As a result 274 lines completed the backcrossing program, that is, they reached BC₅ or BC₆, encompassing all major US wheat market classes. Some lines were not finished by the end of the project, September 2005, but breeders continue working on them.

Distribution of backcross lines, finished or not, along market classes

Market class	Number of lines
Durum	47
HRS	79
HRW	69
HWS	53
HWW	21
SRW	43
SWS	21
SWS Club	2
SWW	79
SWW Club	14

Genes that breeders backcrossed

Trait		Gene
Abiotic stress and agronomic traits
	Aluminum tolerance	altBH
Disease and pest resistance genes
	Barley yellow dwarf virus resistance	Bdv2
	Eyespot resistance	Pch1, Pch2
	Fusarium head blight resistance	Qfhs.ndsu-3BS, QTL in 3AS from T. dicoccoides
	Glume blotch	QSng.sfr-3BS, QSng.sfr-4BL
	Hessian fly resistance	H9, H13, H25, H31
	Leaf rust and stripe rust resistance	Yr17/Lr37/Sr38
	Leaf rust resistance	Lr21, Lr39, Lr40, Lr47, Lr50
	Russian wheat aphid resistance	Dn4
	Septoria tritici blotch	Stb3, Stb4, Stb8
	Stripe rust resistance	HTAP, Yr5, Yr15, Yr36
	Stripe rust resistance	Yr5-Yr15
	Wheat sawfly resistance	Solid stem
	Wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus resistance	WSSM resistance gene
	Wheat streak mosaic virus resistance	Wsm1
Quality
	Dwarf	1B/1R, Rht8
	Gluten strength	Glu1A, Glu-B1 (7+9), Glu-D1 (5+10), Glu-D1 (2+12), LMW-2 allele
	Grain protein content	HGPC gene from T. dicoccoides
	Grain texture	Clark's Cream 3AS soft allele, Pin Null, Pina-Am1/Pinb-Am1, Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b, Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1c, Pinb-D1c, Pinb-D1e
	Pre-harvest sprouting	Main resistance QTL, linked to Xgwm136
	Pre-harvest sprouting	QTL linked to Barc055/CDO64, QTL linked to Barc071b
	Semolina color	Yp gene
	Starch quality	GBSS 4A waxy, GBSS 7A waxy, Waxy null mutation in 7D