Quality traits. Gluten Strength

References

Contributed by Laura Pfluger (lpfluger@cirn.inta.gov.ar)

1. Functional properties of wheat glutenin. Weegels PL, Hamer RJ, Schofield ID. In: Journal of Cereal Science, 1996, 23:1-18.

The importance of glutenin in bread-making quality has led to a substantial research effort. Studies on glutenin can be grouped into four categories: studies that determine the statistical relationships between the quantity of fractions and quality, studies of reconstitution and fortification, breeding and genetic modification, and those that assess structure-function relationships during processing. Statistical relationships between glutenin, glutenin fractions and glutenin polypeptides and quality have been established. The SDS or acetic acid unextractable glutenin correlated strongly with quality parameters. For high Mr glutenin subunits the relationships with quality are less strong. In some studies it was demonstrated that the presence of some high Mr glutenin subunits is correlated with the quantity of unextractable glutenin. Therefore, subunits are probably indirectly linked with bread-making quality via the quantity of unextractable glutenin. Recombination and fortification studies are hampered by changes in functionality of proteins after their separation. Recently, small scale tests have been developed in which small amounts of glutenin fractions can be studied. Controlled breeding studies have demonstrated the importance of high Mr glutenin subunits 5 + 10 and, to a lesser extent, 1 or 2* for quality. In most of these studies the quantity of unextractable glutenin is not reported. This hampers adequate conclusions on cause-effect relationships. During dough processing large changes occur in the extractability of glutenin. The significance of these changes for dough properties and bread quality still requires investigation.

2. Genetics of wheat storage proteins and the effect of allelic variation on bread-making quality. Payne PI. In: Annual Reviews of Plant Physiology,1987, 38: 141-153.

3. Structural differences in allelic glutenin subunits of high and low Mr and their relationships with flour technological properties. Lafiandra D, Masci S, D'Ovidio R, Turchetta T, Margiotta B, Mac Ritchie F. In: Wheat structure: biochemistry and functionality. J.P. Schofield (ed.), 1995, The Royal Society of Chemistry. Special publication nº 212. pp. 117-127.

4. The relationship between HMW glutenin subunit composition and the bread-making quality of British-grown wheat varieties. Payne PI, Nigtingale MA, Krattiger AF, Holt LM. In: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1987, 40:51-65.

5.The HMW glutenin subunit and gliadin compositions of German-Grown wheat varieties and their relationship with bread-making quality. Rogers WJ, Payne PI, Harinder K. In: Plant Breeding, 1989, 103: 89-100.

6. Purification and characterisation of High Mr Glutenin subunit 20 and its Linked y-type subunit from durum wheat. Buonocore F, Caporale C, Lafiandra D. In: Journal of Cereal Science, 1996, 23:195-201.

High Mr glutenin subunit 20 and its linked y-type subunit, present in the durum wheat cultivar Lira, were purified by preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Amino acid and N-terminal sequence analysis of subunit 20y confirmed that it corresponded to a y-type subunit. Moreover, the number and position of the cysteine residues in subunit 20 were determined by alkylation with the fluorogenic reagent 7-fluoro-4-sulfamoyl-2,1,3,-benzoxadiazole (ABD-F) and subsequent enzymic digestion with trypsin. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the fluorescent peptides showed that subunit 20 had only two cysteine residues, one in the N-terminal region and the other in the C-terminal domain.

7. The challenge: one billion tons of wheat by 2020. Braun HJ, Payne TS, Morgunov AI, van Ginkel M, Rajaram S. In: Proc. 9th Int. Wheat Genet. Symp. A.E. Slinkard (ed.), 1998, Saskatoon, Canada.

8. Agronomic performance of chromosomes 1B and T1BL.1RS near-isolines in the spring bread wheat Seri M 82. Villareal RL, Banuelos O, Mujeeb-Kazi A, Rajaram S. In: Euphytica, 1998, 103:195-202.

The T1BL.1RS wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - rye (Secale cereale L.) translocations have been of particular interest and are widely used in bread wheat breeding programs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the T1BL.1RS chromosome on grain yield and its components using 20 near-isolines of spring bread wheat cultivar 'Seri M82‘' (10 homozygous for chromosome 1B substitution and 10 homozygous for T1BL.1RS). The test lines have been produced by substituting the 1B chromosome in Seri M82 (T1BL.1RS, T1BL.1RS) through backrossing. Two field experiments were evaluated under optimum (five irrigations) and reduced (one irrigation) moisture conditions for two consecutive production cycles at the Mexican National Agricultural Research Institute, Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico. The presence of T1BL.1RS had a significant effect on grain yield, harvest index, grains/m2, grains/spike, 1000-grain weight, test weight, flowering date and physiological maturity in both moisture conditions. The agronomic advantage of the 1B substitution lines on above-ground biomass yield at maturity, spikes/m2and grain-filling duration was expressed only under the optimum moisture condition. The presence of T1BL.1RS increased grain yield 1.6% and 11.3% for optimum and reduced moisture conditions, respectively. These results encourage further use of T1BL.1RS wheats in improving agronomic traits, especially for reduced irrigation or rainfed environments.

9. Bread making quality and yield performance of 1BL/1RS wheat isogenic lines. Bullrich L, Tranquilli G, Pfluger L, Suárez E, Barneix A. In: Plant Breeding, 1998, 117:119-122.

10. Root biomass, water-use efficiency, and performance of wheat rye translocations of chromosomes 1 and 2 in spring bread wheat 'Pavon' . Ehdaie B, Whitkus RW, J.G. Waines. In: Crop Science, 2003, 43:710-717.

Positive performance is reported for centric translocations of chromosome 1 of rye (Secale cereale L.) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Objectives were to determine the effects of short arm translocations of rye chromosome 1 (1RS) derived from 'Kavkaz' winter wheat, in 'Pavon' spring wheat background, on root biomass, water-use efficiency, and agronomic performance. Pavon and its translocations were evaluated in glasshouse pot experiments in 1997 and 1998 and in field experiments in 1999 and 2000 under well-watered and droughted treatments. The 1RS translocations in Pavon delayed maturity, reduced plant height in some cases, and increased root biomass. Association between root biomass and grain yield was significant under droughted and under well-watered conditions. The 1RS translocations increased grain yield and grain weight, especially under well-watered field conditions. The overall mean grain yield was 4.066 Mg ha-1 for Pavon, 4.895 Mg ha-1 for 1RS.1AL, 4.503 Mg ha-1 for 1RS.1BL, and 4.632 Mg ha-1 for 1RS.1DL. The 1RS translocations, in general, were more tolerant to field environmental stresses than Pavon. These results encourage the development and use of the 1RS.1AL and 1RS.1DL translocations in wheat breeding programs.

11. 1RS translocation increases root biomass in Veery-type wheat isogenic lines and associates with grain yield . Ehdaie B, Waines JG. In: p 693-695. Proc. 10th. Intern. Wheat Genet. Symp. Paestum, Rome, Italy. N.E. Pogna ed.

12. Relationship between wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition, 1RS translocations and sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume. Pflüger L, Suárez E, Lafiandra D In: Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 1998, 52:271-279.

13. Uneasy unions: quality effects of rye chromatin transfers to wheat. Graybosch RA. In: Journal of Cereal Science, 2001, 33: 3-16.

A number of genes of agronomic importance have been transferred from rye (Secale cereale L.) to its close relative, common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Largely through the production of interspecific chromosomal translocation and substitution lines, rye chromatin now resides within the genome of a large number of wheat breeding lines and cultivars. Rye chromosomal materials have been used to transfer resistance genes to fungal pathogens, especially rusts and powdery mildew, resistance to insect pests, and, in some cases, may enhance grain yield, grain yield stability, and grain protein content. Unfortunately, the transfer of some rye chromosomal materials has resulted in deleterious effects on grain processing quality. This report reviews the use of various wheat-rye chromosomal translocations and substitutions in wheat breeding programs, examines the nature of the observed quality defects, and speculates as to their causes and possible means by which the quality effects might be ameliorated.

14. Dissemination of the highly expressed Bx7 glutenin subunit (Glu-B1al allele) in wheat as revealed by novel PCR markers and RP-HPLC. Butow B, Gale K, Ikea J, Juhász A, Bedö Z, Tamás L, Gianibelli C. In: Journal of Cereal Science, 2001, 33: 3-16.

15. Biochemical and molecular characterisation of Glu-1 loci in Argentinean wheat cultivars. Gianibelli C, Echaide M, Larroque O, Carrillo JM, Dubcovsky J. In: Euphytica, 2002, 28:61-73.

16. Over-expression of HMW glutenin subunit Glu-B1 7x in hexaploid wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum). Vawser M, Cornish G. In: Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2004, 55:577-588.

17. Bankuti 1201 - an old Hungarian wheat variety with special storage protein composition. Juhasz A, Larroque O, Tamás L, Hsam S, Zeller F, Bekes F, Bedö Z. In: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003, 107: 697-704.

18. Molecular discrimination of Bx7 alleles demonstrates that a highly expressed high-molecular weight glutenin allele has a major impact on wheat flour dough strength. Butow B, Ma W, Gale K, Cornish G, Rampling L, Larroque O, Morell M, Bekes F. In: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003, 107:1524-1532.

19. Quantitative variation in high molecular weight glutenin subunit 7 in some Canadian wheats. Marchylo BA, Lukow OM, Kruger JE. In: Journal of Cereal Science, 1992, 15:29-37.

20. Duplication of the high-molecular weight glutenin subunit gene in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Red River 68. D’Ovidio R, Masci S, Porceddu E, Kasarda D. In: Plant Breeding, 1997, 116:525-531.

21. Differentiation of HMW glutenin alleles encoded at Glu-B1. Butow B, Ikea J, Ma W, Morell M, Bekes F, Gale KR. In: Proceedings of the 10th International wheat genetics symposium, 2003, pp 1316-1319.

22. A rapid and inexpensive method for isolation of total DNA from dehydrated plant tissue. Tai T, Tanskley S. In: Plant Molecular Biology Reporter,1991, 8: 297-303.

23. Laboratory Protocols. Hosington D, Khairallah M, González de León D. In: Applied Molecular Genetics Laboratory, CIMMYT, 1994.