Insect resistance. Hessian fly
Contributed by Herbert Ohm and Lingrang Kong
Background information
Thirty one Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) resistance genes, designated H1 to H31, have been identified in wheat (1, 2, 6, 7, 12). Among these, eight genes (H3, H5, H6, H9, H10, H11, H12, and H13) for resistance to Hessian fly were transferred individually by backcrossing and selfing into wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cv. 'Newton', CI 17715 (9).
Gene H9 was transferred from the source line Elva (Triticum turgidum) to line Ella, and then was transferred from Ella into Newton by six cycles of backcrossing and selection to produce line Iris (9). H9 was originally mapped on chromosome 5A (8), but more recent work indicates that H9, H10 and H11 are located on chromosome arm 1AS (13, 14)
Gene H13 is derived from KU 2076, Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal., via a synthetic hybrid KU 221-19 developed at Kyoto University, Japan (6). The wheat germplasm line, Molly, with H13, was developed from the cross, Newton*7/3/KU221-19/Eagle//KS806 (9). Liu et al (15) revised the chromosomal location of H13, and determined it lies on the distal part of chromosome arm 6DS.
Both H9 and H13 confer resistance to biotype L of the Hessian fly, the most prevalent biotype in eastern U.S.
Gene H25 is derived from rye and is resistant to most North American biotypes, a segment carrying the gene was transferred to several wheat lines to different chromosomal locations (11).
Gene H31 was identified in an accession of tetraploid durum wheat and transferred to hexaploid wheat. H31 also shows resistance to the biotype L., it is located on chromosome arm 5BS (12).
A resistance gene named "Hdicoccum" was found in accession PI 94641 of cultivated emmer wheat (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum) and transferred to wheat germplasm. The hard red winter wheat line KS99WGRC42 contains the "Hdicoccum" and can be obtained from the authors (see below, available germplasm).
Methods
Microsatellite, SCAR and RAPD markers have been developed that cosegregate with several Hessian fly resistance genes useful for breeding (3, 4, 12, 13, 14, 15). Click on the corresponding link on the left panel to see the experimental details.
Available germplasm
Iris (H9), Molly (H13), KS92WGRC20 (H25) and P921696 (H31) are available from the USDA-ARS Small Grains Germplasm Collection, Aberdeen, ID for use as parent donor lines. IDO584 carries the H25 gene in a spring background, and can be requested to Ed Souza.
KS99WGRC42 is an F5-derived line of the cross Karl 92/PI 94641//Jagger*2. KS99WGRC42 is a hard red winter wheat similar to the Karl 92 parent in height, and days to heading. When evaluated in the field at Manhattan, KS for two years, KS99WGRC42 was resistant to Wheat Soilborne Mosaic Virus and stripe rust and susceptible to leaf rust. Request for seed should be sent to the Wheat Genetics Resource Center (Throckmorton Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506.)
References
1. Hessian fly-resistance gene H26 transferred from Triticum tauschii to common wheat. Cox, TS, Hatchett, JH. In: Crop Science, 1994, 34:958-960. [abstract]
2. Hessian fly-resistance gene transferred from chromosome 4Mv of Aegilops ventricosa to Triticum aestivum. Delibes A, Del Moral J, Martin-Sanchez JA, Mejias A, Gallego M, Casado D, Sin E, Lopez-Brana I. In: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1997, 94(6-7):858-864. [abstract]
3. Association of a DNA marker with Hessian fly resistance gene H9 in wheat. Dweikat I, Ohm H, MacKenzie S, Patterson F, Cambron S, Ratcliffe R. In: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1994, 89(7-8):964-968. [abstract]
4. Identification of RAPD markers for 11 Hessian fly resistance genes in wheat. Dweikat I, Ohm H, Patterson F, Cambron S. In: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1997, 94(3-4):419-423. [abstract]
5. Chromosomal mapping of Hessian fly-resistance gene H13 in the D genome of wheat. Gill BS, Hatchett JH, Raupp WJ. In: Journal of Heredity, 1987, 78(2):97-100. [abstract]
6. Expression and inheritance of resistance to Hessian fly in synthetic hexaploid wheats derived from Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schal. Hatchett JH, Martin TJ, Livers RV. In: Crop Science, 1981, 21:731-734.
7. Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat. McIntosh, R.A. In: Miller TE and Koebner RMD (eds), Proc. 7th Int. Wheat Genet. Symp., 1988. Bath Press, Bath, UK, pp 1225-1323.
8. Linkage relationships among genes on wheat chromosome 5A that condition resistance to Hessian fly. Ohm HW, Sharma HC, Patterson FL, Ratcliffe RH, Obanni M. In: Crop Science, 1995, 35(6):1603-1607. [abstract]
9. Registration of eight Hessian fly resistant common winter wheat germplasm lines (Carol, Erin, Flynn, Iris, Joy, Karen, Lola, and Molly). Patterson FL, Mass III FB, Foster JE, Ratcliffe RH, Cambron S, Safanski G, Taylor PL, Ohm HW. In: Crop Science, 1994, 34:315-316.
10. Registration of Stella and Ella common wheat germplasm lines. Patterson F, Gallum RL, Stebbins NB, Carlson SK. In: Crop Science, 1982, 22:902-903.
11. Registration of KS92WGRC17, KS92WGRC18, KS92WGRC19, and KS92WGRC20 winter wheat germplasms resistant to Hessian fly. Sebesta EE, Hatchett JH, Friebe B, Gill BS, Cox TS, Sears RG. In: Crop Science, 1997, 37(2):635.
12. Phenotypic assessment and mapped markers for H31, a new wheat gene conferring resistance to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Williams CE, Collier N, Sardesai CC, Ohm HW, Cambron SE. In: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003, 107:1516-1523. [abstract]
13. Molecular mapping determines that Hessian fly resistance gene H9 is located on chromosome 1A of wheat. Kong L, Ohm HW, Cambron SE, Williams CE. In: Plant Breeding, 2005, 124, 525-531. [abstract]
14. H9, H10, and H11 compose a cluster of Hessian fly-resistance genes in the distal gene-rich region of wheat chromosome 1AS. Liu XM, Fritz AK, Reese JC, Wilde GE, Gill BS, Chen MS. In: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2005, 110:1473-1480. [abstract]
15. Hessian fly resistance gene H13 is mapped to a distal cluster of resistance genes in chromosome 6DS of wheat. Liu XM, Gill BS, Chen MS. In: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2005, 111: 243-249. [abstract]